Anacardium occidentale CASHEW (2 seeds)

Cashew nut is the fruit of the cashew tree. It is a fast-growing tree that reaches a height of 10 to 15 meters and is native to Northeast Brazil. This large tree is now commonly found in Africa and Asia. It grows in the middle of large fields and provides shade for other plant species.

Its leathery foliage consists of large, alternate, oval-shaped leaves that measure between 10 and 25 cm in length and have a smooth, shiny texture. It produces flowers in inflorescences grouped into panicles. They are small, white, pink, or reddish in color, with five petals. Flowering generally takes place during the dry season or just before the rainy season.

Cashew seeds come from the Anacardium occidentale; when fresh, they are gray and shaped like a large bean. They weigh several grams, are very resistant, and can measure 2 to 4 centimeters in length. The fruit itself is unique and consists of two parts: the cashew nut and the cashew apple. The apple, which can be red or yellow, is a fleshy receptacle that is generally edible, with a juicy and sweet texture.

- Uses:

Cashew nuts are extremely versatile in cooking thanks to their creamy texture and delicate flavor. They are frequently eaten roasted and salted as a snack, but they also serve as a base to enrich curries and Asian stir-fries. Their ability to be turned into a paste makes them an essential ingredient in modern cuisine.

In vegan diets, they play a major role as a dairy substitute. Once soaked and blended, they can be used to create plant-based milks, smooth creams, and even fermented vegan cheeses. This neutral taste allows them to be used in both savory dishes and desserts like raw cakes.

Beyond the plate, the industry profits from the entire fruit. Cashew nutshell liquid, extracted from the shell, is used in the manufacture of varnishes, paints, and friction materials for brakes. The cashew apple, the fleshy part that bears the nut, is processed into juices or jams in producing regions.

- Cultivation and Seed Germination:

• The best period to germinate the cashew tree is from June to mid-July.
• Scarify the seed to accelerate germination by rubbing the shell with sandpaper.
• Soak the seed for 4 hours in lukewarm water.
• Plant in a peat pot at a depth of 5 cm.
• Water the substrate gently.
• Place the pot in a warm, humid greenhouse at a temperature between 35°C and 40°C.
• Germination is relatively fast, taking about 2 to 3 weeks after sowing.

- Soil and Substrate:

The cashew tree grows in soil very rich in organic matter with a slightly acidic pH if possible. Remember to drain the bottom of the pot with gravel.

- Watering and Humidity:

It needs a few waterings per week to ensure good growth. Never overwater, as this can lead to root rot.

- Light and Exposure:

Place the plant in a full-sun or slightly shaded environment. For indoor cultivation, HPS horticultural lamps or MH grow bulbs are preferred.

- Temperatures and Hardiness:

This exotic tree prefers warm temperatures, generally between 20°C and 30°C. It is frost-sensitive and can suffer at temperatures below 10°C. Its USDA hardiness zone is 10-11.

- Propagation:

The cashew apple tree reproduces mainly by seed, but it is also possible to propagate it by softwood cuttings (à l'étouffée) using 15 cm branches to obtain plants identical to the mother plant.

- Diseases and Pests:

The tree is subject to various diseases, including anthracnose and root rot (often caused by overly wet soil conditions). Insects such as mealybugs and bugs can also infest it, leading to deformities and reduced yields.